ChroniquesPape NDIAYE

Accès à la Justice : un casse-tête bien sénégalais

CHRONIQUE JUDICIAIRE

L’accès du citoyen à la Justice n’est pas chose aisée sous nos cieux, et ce n’est pas un hasard. Le manque de confiance, l’ignorance de la  loi, la cherté des prestations et la phobie de la justice en constituent les obstacles. Les observateurs sont unanimes à considérer que Dame justice gagnerait à davantage œuvrer pour rétablir la confiance entre elle et les justiciables. Ce n’est pas par hasard si la rébellion commence à s’organiser contre la justice. Il faut oser le dire: si les justiciables en arrivent à cette extrémité, c’est parce que ce secteur considéré comme le dernier rempart contre l’arbitraire ne joue pas, à bien des égards, son rôle de garant des droits et libertés. Et cela s’est manifesté de plusieurs manières, à travers des comportements dirigés contre le  troisième pouvoir constitué et frisant le défi à l’autorité. Cette attitude résulte de plusieurs décisions de justice, pourtant rendues au nom du peuple sénégalais, mais qui revêtent un caractère particulièrement incompréhensible. Premier exemple : l’affaire des jeunes de Colobane accusés d’avoir tué le policier Fodé Ndiaye, lors de la violence préélectorale de 2012. Ces jeunes ont été déclarés coupables et condamnés à 20 ans de travaux forcés chacun. Seulement, le jugement n’a guère tenu compte du document médical (qui fait foi jusqu’à preuve du contraire) qui atteste qu’ils ont avoué sous la torture. Exemple 2 : Dans l’affaire Alioune Seck, du nom de ce fils de Thione Seck  impliqué dans une histoire de faux billets qui lui a valu un avis de recherche suivi de mandat d’arrêt. Les journalistes qui ont relayé l’information ont été condamnés à deux mois avec sursis pour «diffamation». Pourtant, au procès, le procureur de la République a bien confirmé l’existence de l’avis de recherche dont les journalistes ont fait état. Il est même allé plus loin en confirmant le mandat d’arrêt.

Il ne faut pas s’y méprendre, l’attitude de défiance des justiciables vis-à-vis du troisième pouvoir s’explique aussi par l’érection d’une forme de justice sélective, souvent qualifiée de «politique de deux poids, deux mesures». La preuve : Taïb Socé, Bibo Bourgi et d’autres complices de Karim Wade sont retournés en prison alors que des célébrités, sous le coup de condamnation ferme assortie de mandat d’arrêt, continuent de vaquer librement à leurs occupations. Le cas de cette notaire sur qui pèsent 24 condamnations assorties de mandat d’arrêt jamais exécutées en est une parfaite illustration. Les exemples peuvent être multipliés à foison.

L’ignorance de la justice par les Sénégalais s’illustre à travers les nombreuses condamnations sur la base de «lois incomprises». Ce qui doit pousser à reconsidérer l’assertion selon laquelle, «nul n’est censé ignorer la loi». «Une loi n’est pas faite pour être méconnue», avait dit le juge Cissé Fall, conseiller technique du ministère de la Justice, à l’occasion d’un panel sur «Justice et médias». Un exemple : les arrestations systémiques des vendeurs de puces téléphoniques. Sans aucun avertissement renseignant les concernés que désormais la cession était interdite, les forces de l’ordre, s’étant juste fondés sur un arrêté de l’Autorité de régulation des télécommunications et des postes (Artp), ont procédé à de nombreuses interpellations. Si un avocat plaide en invoquant une loi abrogée dans la plus grande opacité (affaire Aïda Ndiongue), ou qu’un juge motive sa décision sur la base d’un décret abrogé (contentieux Walf/Bsda), que doit-il en être du non initié au droit ?

L’accès à la justice est aussi compromis par la cherté du coût de certaines prestations, l’inaccessibilité des avocats dans les régions (zéro avocat à Kédougou), le coût élevé des honoraires, le problème des interprètes judiciaires, la méconnaissance des voies habilitées pour visiter un parent détenu, l’obtention de certains actes administratifs (jugement, certificat de nationalité…) et bien d’autres. De plus, il se trouve que l’assistance judiciaire qui prend en charge les citoyens démunis est dérisoire à tel point qu’il ne peut même pas prendre en charge tout le volume du contentieux de Dakar. Mieux, depuis 2014, l’Etat ne s’est pas acquitté des montants de 2015 et 2016, comme dénoncé récemment par l’Association des jeunes avocats du Sénégal (Ajas). Le langage archaïque et la lenteur vient boucler la boucle. «La justice est une vieille dame qui marche lentement» ou encore «le temps de la justice n’est pas celui des medias» sont des formules souvent mises en exergue pour justifier les longues détentions faisant qu’à Rebeuss, par exemple, une vingtaine de détenus attendent leur procès depuis 11 ans.

  Par Pape NDIAYE

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82 Comments

  1. Serigne mor says:

    Pour moi c’est a cause de l’ignorance des lois mais nous comptons sur vous pour plus d’éclairage

  2. cheikh says:

    bon Serigne MOr c l’ingnorance des lois mais aussi l’hattitude de notre justice qui est plus injustice que justice

    • mbassé says:

      Cependant la FSJP (Faculté des Sciences Juridiques et Politique) est plongée dans une gréve sans lendemain pour cause refusant l’inscription de certains étudiant en Master car dise t elle que ces derniers sont bloqués par le systeme LMD et que notre pays est en manque notoire d’ Avocat alors de gràce laissez ces étudiants poursuivre leurs études pour au moins réduire ce gap

  3. NDIAYE says:

    je ne sais pas d’ou sont sorti nos juristes, avocats , magistrat, On doit revoir cette ecole de droit qui forme ces hommes corrompus

  4. papa says:

    Au dela de tout ,c’est l’administration sénégalaise qui traine des tares telles que la lourdeur et l’inaccessibilité géographique et financière.

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