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Entre le Prophète Mouhamed (PSL) et les Mecquois, le contentieux était désormais très lourd. La bataille de Badr et la mémorable débâcle des Quraysh avaient fini par creuser un immense fossé d’adversité, d’apathie, d’animosité. Si à Médine, on savourait une si improbable victoire tout en enregistrant de nombreux autres ralliements, à la Mecque le sentiment était tout autre. Ne décolérant pas le Messager, les Quraysh pensaient leur plaies, dénombraient leurs morts et serraient les dents, espérant le moment propice pour prendre leur revanche. Non pas uniquement pour venger le belliqueux Abu Jahl et ceux qu’il avait conduits à la mort ; mais surtout pour laver l’affront de la déroute des puissants et respectables Quraysh. En outre, depuis la bataille de Badr, un siège économique leur avait été imposé, coupant les principales routes menant à la Mecque et réduisant de plus en plus leurs moyens d’action. Il leur fallait redorer leur blason. Et pour ce faire, ils jurèrent de trouver le Prophète Mouhamed (PSL) jusque dans Médine pour lui faire payer.
Après la bataille de Badr, les rangs des musulmans s’allongeaient de plus en plus. Eu égard aux forces en présence, la victoire du prophète avait parcouru le désert et avait davantage crédibilisé son discours. L’enthousiasme n’avait pas manqué de toucher beaucoup d’hypocrites qui craignaient plus d’être marginalisés qu’ils n’avaient entrevu la lumière de l’Islam. Musulmans en apparence, ils avaient réussi à fourvoyer presque tout le monde. Fidèles à la prière, réguliers au jeûne, généreux à la zakkad, ils n’en demeuraient pas moins de réels ennemis de l’Islam. «Quand ils rencontrent ceux qui ont cru, ils disent: «Nous croyons»; mais quand ils se trouvent seuls avec leurs diables, ils disent: «Nous sommes avec vous; en effet nous ne faisions que nous moquer (d’eux)» (Sourate 2 – verset 14). L’exemple le plus marquant fut sans doute celui d’Abdullah ibn Ubay. Très influent à Médine où, avant l’arrivée du Prophète Mouhamed (PSL), ce notable des Khazraj a été à deux doigts de se faire proclamer roi. Tout en se déclarant musulman, il gardait une haine viscérale envers le Messager. Il considérait l’avènement de l’Islam comme l’abrogation de ses ambitions.
Toutefois, après la bataille de Badr, Mecquois et Médinois avaient comme qui dirait échangé leurs approches. Les premiers étaient redescendus sur terre. Ils ne sous-estimaient plus ennemis. Les nombreux notables, qu’ils avaient perdus, les avaient plutôt incités à les surestimer. D’un autre côté, s’engager dans les rangs des musulmans était devenu attrayant. La victoire étant assurée d’avance, les règles du partage du butin étant des plus avantageuses, combattre pour l’Islam devenait une partie de plaisir. Si tu te bats, tu as la victoire. Si tu ne te bats pas, les Anges vont se battre pour toi. Et, cerise sur le gâteau, tout musulman tué sur le champ de bataille s’adjugeait une place au Paradis. La confiance aveuglant des Quraysh, dirigés par Abu Jahl, avait gagné les rangs des musulmans.
C’est dans ces états d’esprit que les Mecquois engagèrent d’importants moyens pour mobiliser toutes les forces possibles. L’effort de guerre qu’ils consentirent était à la mesure de l’affront qu’ils cherchaient à laver. Ils envoyèrent un peu partout des émissaires à la cherche d’éventuels souteneurs. Pendant plus d’une année, ils ont préparé leur campagne. Quand les Quraysh jugèrent leur force suffisamment importante pour prendre d’assaut Médine, ils se mirent en route avec à leur tête Abu Soufiann.
Avant leur départ, Al-Abbâs, un oncle du Prophète (PSL), dont la foi n’était pas des Quraysh, envoya une lettre à son neveu l’informant de la mise en marche de l’armée, tout en lui en détaillant tous ses aspects. Cela participa grandement à éviter aux Médinois une attaque surprise. Contrairement à Abu Jahl, Abu Soufiann mena ses troupes dans la plus grande discrétion, sans batifolage ni fanfaronnade. Ils avancèrent jusqu’à la vallée d’Uhud, à quelque huit kilomètres de Médine, et y établirent leur camp.
Cette posture d’Abu Soufiann créa le doute à Médine. Fallait-il aller à la rencontre de l’ennemi ou l’attendre afin de le combattre à l’intérieur de Médine. Le Prophète convoqua un conseil de guerre. Quelle stratégie adoptée face aux Quraysh qui ne s’étaient pas contentés de camper à Uhud, sans provoquer les Médinois. Les avis furent variés. Le Prophète, qui avait suggéré l’attente, eut d’autres opinions de musulmans pour qui laisser les Mecquois les assiéger de la sorte était une humiliation dont ils pouvaient se gargariser. Pour ces derniers, il fallait lancer l’assaut. Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib, un autre oncle de Mouhamed (PSL), réputé pour sa fine lame, déclara : « Par Celui qui t’a révélé Son Livre, je ne mangerai rien aujourd’hui tant que je ne les aurai pas combattus avec mon sabre à l’extérieur de Médine». Et bientôt, la majorité opta pour l’attaque et rejeta la défense. Le Messager se rangea du côté de la majorité et lors de son sermon à la prière du vendredi qui a suivi cette rencontre, il donna des instructions et encouragea davantage les troupes musulmanes.
Entre Médine et Mecque, la deuxième bataille était plus qu’imminente.
A lire chaque vendredi
Par Sidi Lamine NIASS
Chronique précédente, cliquez ICI
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