Le secteur privé national à l’hôpital
L’entreprise sénégalaise patauge dans d’énormes difficultés depuis quatre ans. Les affaires sont tellement carabinées que de nombreux capitaines d’industries sont dans le blues. Certains sont mêmes obligés de se jeter dans le marigot politique pour tenter de sauver ce qui peut encore l’être. Dans tous les secteurs économiques du pays, on entend que des complaintes liées à des distorsions de concurrence créées par l’Etat en défaveur du secteur privé national qui a fini de payer un lourd tribut avec l’absence de vision et d’un Etat stratège. En 2013 déjà, le patronat sénégalais tirait la sonnette d’alarme lorsqu’il avait enregistré la fermeture de 376 entreprises notamment dans les secteurs des Btp, de l’industrie et de la pêche. Et pendant ce temps, les entreprises étrangères, françaises, marocaines et maintenant turques se partagent confortablement le gâteau. En effet, après leur mainmise sur le secteur bancaire, les Marocains ont attaqué le secteur des assurances et celui des Btp. Alors que la vingtaine de compagnies d’assurances présentes jusqu’ici au Sénégal se disputaient le marché de 100 milliards de francs, l’Etat a continué à délivrer des agréments à tout va. Ce qui a permis à ce géant marocain, qui pèse 300 milliards sur son marché, de menacer de disparition les compagnies sénégalaises. Pis, cette compagnie qui va s’adosser au groupe bancaire de sa maison mère qui trône sur le Sénégal risque d’éliminer vite fait toutes les compagnies sénégalaises qui n’auront pas les reins assez solides pour faire face. Et ce, dans un contexte où la Conférence inter-africaine des marchés d’assurances (Cima) exige le paiement au comptant des primes. Idem pour le secteur des Btp où pour la construction de 17 immeubles de 10 étages pour 21 milliards de francs Cfa, l’Etat a offert au groupe Alliance un terrain évalué par des promoteurs privés sénégalais à 20 milliards de francs Cfa. Mieux, le même groupe bénéficierait d’exonérations sur la Tva, les droits de douanes et l’impôt sur les sociétés. Quelle entreprise sénégalaise peut se targuer de tels avantages ? En tout cas, pas celles qui opéraient au Mole 8 du port de Dakar. Lesquelles ont été mises en vrac et jeter hors du périmètre portuaire afin de dérouler le tapis rouge au groupe français Necotrans. Et les dégâts collatéraux vont toucher 3000 chefs de famille, selon des manutentionnaires sénégalais.
Dans l’industrie, l’ignorance et le tâtonnement des gouvernants ont mis à genoux tous les fleurons du pays. Les minotiers sont roulés dans la farine à travers l’homologation des prix du sac de 50 kg à 18 mille alors que certains le cèdent en toute illégalité à 13 mille à travers des fraudes pas encore réprimées. «Il y a une minoterie qui a décidé de vendre à perte pendant deux ans, rien que pour détruire l’industrie d’un homme d’affaires sénégalais qui vient d’investir dans le secteur. Ils veulent faire du dumping. L’Etat doit prendre ses responsabilités pour sauver cet investissement et les emplois créés», nous confiait récemment un acteur dudit secteur. Cet industriel sénégalais, qui croit en son pays et qui a consenti des investissements lourds, semble aujourd’hui abandonné par l’Etat «le plus défaillant dans la protection de ses entreprises».
On peut en dire autant sur la cimenterie, l’industrie du tabac, la pêche, etc. L’ampleur du sinistre est perceptible dans beaucoup d’autres secteurs comme le tourisme où les décisions hasardeuses coûtent excessivement chères comme ce fût le cas avec la réciprocité des visas qui a achevé se secteur moribond avant d’être abandonné sur un coup de tête qui va coûter quelques 13 milliards de francs, grassement refilés à l’Ivoirien Adama Bictogo. Ce, pour une prestation que des Sénégalais auraient pu réaliser à moindre coût comme l’a récemment souligné sur WalfQuotidien le président de l’Organisation des professionnels des technologies de l’information et de la communication (Optic), Antoine Ngom qui trouve cela «humiliant» pour un projet à la portée des Sénégalais et qui, surtout, touche à notre souveraineté numérique. Mais nos gouvernants n’en ont cure. Ils viennent de remettre ça. Le marché de confection des cartes nationales d’identité vent d’être offert à la malaisienne Iris Corporation alors que le secteur privé sénégalais spécialisé avait fini de créer un consortium pour ce genre de projets structurants. Ce qui prouve qu’à la place d’un Etat stratège, le Sénégal a un Etat de distorsions. L’Etat stratège développe le patriotisme économique et cherche à accroître la performance des entreprises en les accompagnant notamment à l’export comme le fait habilement le Maroc au Sénégal. Le Maroc, pour se développer, s’est appuyé sur son secteur privé national en renforçant ses capacités par divers mécanismes de soutien. Il s’est ensuite lancé à la conquête des marchés extérieurs avec une stratégie et une vision partagées avec acteurs comme en atteste le niveau de la délégation d’hommes d’affaires qui accompagne le Roi Mohamed VI lors de ses déplacements dans les pays de l’Uemoa notamment. Mais au Sénégal, en lieu et place d’une telle démarche, on préfère pavanait dans les petits forums du Mdef international aux frais du contribuable sans aucun suivi des projets.
Ainsi, de telles distorsions, combinées à l’absence de gouvernail et la menace des Accords de partenariats économiques sur nos économies, engagent le pronostic vital de nombreuses entreprises sénégalaises. Une morosité qui, toute somme, ne semble guère indisposer tout le monde.
A retrouver chaque dimanche…
Par Seyni DIOP
Coordonnateur de la Rédaction de WalfQuotidien
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