CHRONIQUE DE MOUSTAPHA
Le dernier rapport de la Cour des comptes est riche en enseignements. Notamment en ce qui concerne la subvention à la presse pompeusement appelée « aide à la presse ». Ce rapport public 2014 soulève des dysfonctionnements dans la répartition de cette allocation. Morceaux choisis : «Les soumissionnaires à cette aide ne déposent pas des dossiers tendant à démontrer qu’ils remplissent les critères édictés.» Il s’y ajoute, toujours selon le rapport public de la Cour des comptes, une violation des modalités de modulation prévues pour tenir compte des charges réelles des organes de presse. Résultat : une grande nébuleuse autour de cette affaire. La Cour des comptes explique par exemple qu’«en 2008, on peut s’interroger sur l’allocation du même montant de 18 millions de francs au groupe Sud Communication et à l’hebdomadaire Le Témoin. De même, en 2009, le groupe Avenir communication et le journal Le Messager ont reçu chacun 10 millions.» Alors que le premier cité avait, à cette époque, plus de supports médiatiques avec une radio, un magazine et un quotidien. Et, c’est ce qui a poussé les contrôleurs de la Cour des comptes à demander au ministre de la Communication de «veiller au respect des critères d’éligibilité et de modulation applicables à la répartition de la subvention». Or, c’est à ce niveau que le problème se pose car les critères d’attribution de l’aide à la presse ne garantissent pas un partage équitable. Puisque ces critères se bornent à parler de respect du dépôt légal, de la fréquence sur le marché, de la mise à jour régulière (pour les sites d’informations), des charges que doivent avoir les entreprises de presse, de l’obligation de consacrer 75% de la publication du média à l’info, de la nécessité d’avoir un tirage de plus de 2000 exemplaires… Autant de critères qui ne sont pas difficiles à remplir même pour le plus petit journal de Dakar. Pis, ceux qui s’occupent de l’attribution de l’aide à la presse ne s’intéressent guère au respect de ces critères.
Ainsi, à chaque fois que l’aide à la presse est attendue, des journaux se créent et leurs propriétaires se comportent comme des requins ayant senti l’odeur du sang. Ils font la queue devant les bureaux du ministère de tutelle et chez toute personne capable, par un coup de fil, d’influencer ce partage. C’est une réalité. Et tout le monde le sait. Mais avec l’avènement de Macky Sall et la foule de journalistes qui l’entourent, beaucoup espéraient que l’attribution de l’aide à la presse se fasse avec plus d’équité. Hélas ! Il n’y a aucune rupture dans ce domaine. Ce qui est du reste est plus qu’étonnant de la part de gens qui ont déjà eu à gérer des entreprises de presse. Mais aujourd’hui, la subvention est plus destinée à des amis du pouvoir qu’à toute la presse. Tout se passe donc comme si le régime voulait maintenir la presse dans la précarité afin de mieux la contrôler. La preuve : Le projet de nouveau code de la presse a atterri sur une étagère et n’a toujours pas été traduit en réalité. En fait, Macky Sall contrôle les médias sans en donner l’air. Aujourd’hui, beaucoup de media font davantage de la com’ pour le pouvoir qu’ils ne font de l’info, cherchant ainsi à manipuler les citoyens afin qu’ils adhèrent à une politique. Or, comme l’écrit Thomas Gergely, «le journaliste est moins appelé à former qu’à informer».
Le dernier rapport public de la Cour des comptes doit donc être un prétexte pour redéfinir la nature même de cette aide à la presse, mais aussi le type de relations que la presse doit avoir avec le pouvoir (ou les pouvoirs). C’est la meilleure manière de replacer le citoyen au centre de tout ce que fait le journaliste qui ne doit pas être un récepteur passif, mais plutôt un acteur à la recherche de la vérité. Redéfinir les relations avec les pouvoirs permettra aussi aux journalistes sénégalais d’informer dans cette impartialité qui, comme le définit un journaliste américain, est l’attachement à présenter les faits sans parti pris ni désir d’influence le jugement du public.
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