Fraîchement nommé Conservateur des sites historiques de Ndande, Serigne Mbacké Fall se veut optimiste. Dans l’entretien qui suit, il a déroulé sa feuille de route pour relever et vendre la destination Ndande afin de permettre à sa population de bénéficier des vestiges dont dispose la contrée. L’écotourisme, l’enseignement des sites historiques de Ndande, tout y passe pour «vendre» cette nouvelle destination.
WALFQUOTIDIEN : Vous avez été nommé conservateur des sites historiques classés de Ndande, (le Puits Calom et la Tombe de Malaw le Cheval de Lat-Dior,) comment avez-vous accueilli cette nomination ?
SERIGNE MBACKE FALL : Je suis ravi par cette nomination. La mairie a fait un choix sur moi qui suis un notable de ce village où sont nés mes parents. Je suis descendant des Lamane Ndande. Mes grands frères furent Chefs de village et j’ai toujours aimé mon village. C’est connu de tous. Je remercie mes amis de l’Association Nationale pour la Promotion des Patrimoines Sénégalais, association dans laquelle je suis membre d’honneur. Ils m’ont soutenu ma nomination à ce poste. Je suis très content. Je remercie les notables de Ndande particulièrement Mabassa Fall et le Maire de notre commune M. Adama Fall car sachant que ces sites et monuments n’ont jamais eu de conservateur, Monsieur le Maire m’a nommé à ce poste et a ainsi rendu à César ce qui appartient à César.
Peut-on avoir une idée sur votre feuille de route ?
Ces sites historiques classés Ndande n’ont jamais eu officiellement de conservateur. Je ferai tout mon possible pour faire connaître cette ville et son histoire qui fait partie intégrante de l’histoire du Cayor. L’histoire qu’on raconte aujourd’hui autour de ce gigantesque puits (Calom) doit être connue des sénégalais car c’est l’histoire du Cayor, celle de Lat Dior et des 33 Damel du Cayor dont certains, suivant les rites et coutumes ou pratiques, ont été intronisés ici à Ndande, autour de puits Calom.
Que représente Ndande en termes de patrimoine culturel au Sénégal ?
Ndande n’est plus connu. C’était une ville où une dizaine d’européens appelés traitants ont habité durant plusieurs années, pour faire leur commerce d’arachides. Raison pour laquelle, on pouvait compter trois cimetières Toubab dans ce lieu. Ndande est une sous-préfecture composée de 321 villages sans oublier les autres villages environnants qui venaient vendre leur récolte d’arachide chez les traitants. Il y a, à Ndande, la gare du chemin de fer Patrimoine historique classé. C’est effectivement le 12 mai 1885 que les deux tronçons de la voie ferrée se rejoignirent à Ndande. Et, le 16 juillet de la même année, l’axe Dakar – Saint-Louis y sera officiellement inauguré. C’est le lieu où s’est tenue la réunion qui aboutit à la provincialisation du Cayor. Il y a aussi un quai d’embarquement d’arachides. Dans le passé, la gare de Ndande recevait par jour : 2 trains de voyageurs et 6 auto-rails sans compter les trains spéciaux. Faidherbe avait baptisé cette ligne ferroviaire: “ le chemin de fer de l’arachide ”.

N’est ce pas le puits de Calom qui fait la particularité de Ndande ?
Il existe à Ndande le puits appelé Calom du mot Calon’ho qui signifie puits en langue mandingue. D’après les historiens, les mandingues furent les premiers habitants de Ndande. Ce puits est aujourd’hui tari. Malgré l’absence d’eau, ce puit conserve des dimensions impressionnantes. On ne sait ni quand ni par qui il a été creusé. La tradition orale fait remonter son forage soit à Ndiadiane Ndiaye (XIIIe siècle) soit à Kankan Moussa (XIVe siècle) dans l’Empire du Mali. Le puits Calom fut un point d’appui décisif dans la stratégie militaire de l’époque. Il est néanmoins restauré, pour indiquer au visiteur la portée stratégique du lieu. Ce puits reste aujourd’hui une curiosité pour le voyageur. Ce grand trou vertical de 35 mètres de profondeur et 9 mètres de diamètre date du XIIIe ou XIVe siècle n’a pas encore dévoilé tous ses mystères. Ce puits est doté de pouvoirs mystiques assez mystérieux d’après les légendes. Des cérémonies autour de ce grand trou sont souvent organisées. C’est effectivement ce puits qui a favorisé le peuplement de cette ville et celui des villages environnants. Je dois également tout faire pour orienter l’histoire de cette ville et ses sites vers les autorités et surtout vers les chercheurs. Son puits, sa gare et la tombe de Malaw doivent être enseignés à l’école. C’est une partie de l’histoire de Lat-Dior et celle du Cayor. Il y a aussi la tombe deMalawle cheval de Lat Dior Diop enterré là-bas sous l’arbre appelé Dakar Lamine et un peu plus loin à Ndiongué Fall, il y a la tombe de mon grand-père Kothie Barma Fall sans oublier Palène Dède la ville de Lat Soukabé Fall. Un petit tour dans le Cayor des profondeurs permet de revisiter l’histoire des 32 premiers Damel du Cayor qui portaient tous le patronyme Fall; Lat-Dior Ngoné Latyr Diop était le plus connu et le plus téméraire de tous. Le Cayor est décrit comme une terre d’honneur, de bravoure, de refus mais aussi de réjouissances et beaucoup d’évènements se sont déroulés à Ndande autour du puits.
A vous entendre parler vous semblez vouloir dire qu’une partie de l’histoire du Cayor s’est déroulée ici à Ndande
Durant le règne des Damel effectivement beaucoup de combats se sont déroulés autour du puits de Calom. On raconte aussi que ce fameux puits le Calom fut l’objet d’un combat épique pour son contrôle entre le Damel Lat Dior Ngoné Latir Diop et le Damel Madiodio. Ensuite, d’après le Pr Amadou Mahtar Mbow, l’Épopée des Damel du Cayor (1549-1886), et de trois siècles et demi d’histoire, jalonnés de figures dirigeantes se sont succédé à la tête de ce territoire que fut le Cayor. D’abord, province dépendante du royaume du Djolof, le Cayor a connu une longue et parfois tumultueuse succession de souverains de Damel dont le premier fut Déthié Fou Ndiogou Fall (1549) ; son fils Amary Ngoné Sobel Fall (1549-1593) en fut le second. Le trente-deuxième (32ème) et dernier fut Samba Laobé Fall (1883-1886) précédé par son oncle Lat-Dior Ngoné Latyr qui, à la faveur des manœuvres de Demba War Sall, fut proclamé Damel, en attendant que l’héritier de droit, remplisse les conditions d’âge exigées pour être installé sur le trône. Après la mort de Damel Samba Laobé Fall qui fut lâchement assassiné le 06 octobre 1886 à la gare ferroviaire de Tivaouane par le pouvoir colonial, Lat Dior Ngoné Latyr a repris le commandement du Cayor pour une courte période avant d’être tué à son tour le 26 octobre 1886 à Dekhlé. Ndande regorge de sites comme son fameux puits, la gare.
Ndande regorge de sites comme son fameux puits, l’histoire de Malaw …. Est ce qu’il n’y a pas lieu d’impliquer les acteurs du tourisme pour faire découvrir ce patrimoine ?
Des amis et moi, avions dans le passé introduit un dossier – entre 2005 et 2008 – afin de réhabiliter les sites mais ça a pris trop de temps. Finalement, nous nous sommes rendus compte que lorsque l’Etat a donné des instructions pour que les sites et monuments classés soient revus et restaurés qu’on a eu devant le puits un bâtiment qui abrite le bureau du conservateur, des toilettes et une cuisine. Le ministère du tourisme sera incapable de faire connaitre cette ville. Les habitants de Ndande doivent se lever et essayer de le développer. C’est nous qui devons d’abord faire la promotion touristique de la ville. C’est nous qui connaissons notre chère ville.

En quoi faisant ?
Les habitants de Ndande, des associations de la collectivité, doivent investir les réseaux sociaux pour faire connaître leur localité, promouvoir l’histoire locale et d’en tirer profit pour redonner à l’endroit sa grandeur. Sur place, on tente de s’organiser pour susciter et accompagner des projets. Dotée d’un formidable patrimoine historique, idéalement située sur l’axe Thiès-Saint Louis, au cœur d’une région chargée d’histoire, Ndande dispose d’un potentiel indéniable. En se lançant concrètement dans la réhabilitation de son patrimoine, en allant au-delà des seules belles idées généreusement et opportunément exprimées parfois, il y a urgence à faire connaître une localité pleine de talents et de ressources, trop insuffisamment exploités.
Qui est ce qu’on peut citer parmi ces talents et ressources de Ndande ?
Des marabouts très connus ont habité Ndande. Je peux citer Cheikh Issa Diène, El hadji Thierno Dramé et Cheikh Ibra Fall surnommé Lamp Fall et beaucoup d’autre moukhadame de la tarikha Tidiane, Maguette Dièye Diodio, Elhadji Ndakhté Gaye, Sère Sarr de Palméo, Babacar Diop de Ndiakhère, Mamadou Seck de Palméo, etc. Pour la population locale, faire le pari du patrimoine et du développement local serait incontestablement l’occasion d’une source de revenus et de travail en lien avec un éco-tourisme responsable, de plus en plus sensible à l’histoire et au développement socio-économique des lieux visités. On ne pourra que compter sur nous-même car nous n’avons ni directeur ni ministre dans les gouvernements de 1960 à nos jours et pourtant nous ne manquons pas de cadres. Nous ne disposons même pas d’un mètre de goudrons. Les visiteurs auront surtout du mal à rejoindre ce puits qui se situe au milieu du village à une centaine de mètres de la gare. Ndande devrait être une très belle ville parce que remplie d’histoires et ayant des sites historiques à valoriser et à visiter par les touristes. La ville est à mi-distance entre Dakar et Saint Louis au milieu de la route nationale. Il est devenu une ville où tout le monde.
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